The California Legacy Survey. III. On the Shoulders of (Some) Giants: The Relationship between Inner Small Planets and Outer Massive Planets

We use a high-precision radial velocity survey of FGKM stars to study the conditional occurrence two classes planets: close-in small planets (0.023--1 au, 2--30 Earth masses) and distant giant (0.23--10 30--6000 masses). find that $41^{+15}_{-13}\%$ systems with close-in, planet also host an outer giant, compared $17.6^{+2.4}_{-1.9}\%$ for irrespective presence. This implies hosts may be enhanced in all $1.7\sigma$ significance. Conversely, we estimate $42^{+17}_{-13}\%$ cold inner planet, $27.6^{+5.8}_{-4.8}\%$ more massive are not associated planets. Specifically, our sample indicates less likely companions than approximately 120 masses within 0.3--3 au or companions, $\sim$2.2$\sigma$ confidence. gas giants suppress formation. Additionally, compare host-star metallicity distributions only those both giants. In agreement previous studies, have distribution is consistent broader solar-metallicity-median sample, while distinctly metal-rich $\sim$2.3$\sigma$